منابع مشابه
Probing the Persistent Question Marks
The puzzle of the persistent question marks (a phrase coined by Harvey in 1993) refers to the occurrence of residual learnable alleles in simulations of the Baldwin effect, which concerns interactions between learning and evolution. Explanations of the puzzle have focused on the role of fitness proportional selection pressures and of drift. We replicated the original 1987 model by Hinton and No...
متن کاملDo clinicians use more question marks?
OBJECTIVE To quantify the use of question marks in titles of published studies. DESIGN AND SETTING Literature review. PARTICIPANTS All Pubmed publications between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013 with an available abstract. Papers were classified as being clinical when the search terms clin*, med* or patient* were found anywhere in the paper's title, abstract or the journal's name. Other...
متن کاملQuestion Marks Left Over a Quantitative Assessment of Apolipoprotein C3 Gene Polymorphisms
On the occasion of the 2012 annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics in San Francisco, the scientific press concluded to a sobering "genetic influences on disease remain hidden" after discussing, among others, the progress made in the field of cardiovascular genetics [1]. In a recent attempt to resolve some of the inconsistent findings, Zhang and coworkers [2] have presented a q...
متن کاملGenetic Counselling in Schizophrenia
Sir, On the basis of the data that they had collected, Parmeshwaran et al.(1999) concluded that a significant relationship exists between phases of the lunar synodic cycle and the development of psychiatric morbidity. From a methodological perspective, I have a reservation about their validity of their conclusions : Parmeshwaran et al.(1999) studied patients at the time of admission and not at ...
متن کاملThe Puzzle of the Persistent Question Marks : A Case Study of Genetic Drift
In an important paper Hinton and Nowlan demonstrate the Baldwin e ect in a simple Genetic Algorithm The ability of the phenotype to adapt coupled with the evolu tionary process allows behavioural goals to become over time genetically speci ed this seems Lamarckian but is not In that paper as a subsidiary point the slowness of xa tion of the last few goals is commented on and a later paper by Be...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1998
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/27526